Membranes for all vanadium redox flow batteries
Ether-free polymeric anion exchange materials with extremely low vanadium ion permeability and outstanding cell performance for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB)
Battery storage systems become increasingly more important to fulfil large demands in peaks of energy consumption due to the increasing supply of intermittent renewable energy. The vanadium redox flow battery systems are attracting attention because of scalability and robustness of these systems make them highly promising.
Vanadium permeability Diffusion of the V ions from one half-cell to the other leads to discharge of the battery and, thus, determines the energy storage time of the battery. Extensive research has shown that the cationic membranes are susceptible to V permeability due to their attraction of the V species.
This review on the various approaches to prepare polymeric membranes for the application in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRB) reveals various factors which should be considered when developing new membranes materials with or without the addition of non-polymeric materials.
Exposure of the polymeric membrane to the highly oxidative and acidic environment of the vanadium electrolyte can result in membrane deterioration. Furthermore, poor membrane selectivity towards vanadium permeability can lead to faster discharge times of the battery. These areas seek room for improvement to increase battery lifetime.
Also, the electrolyte utilization increases from 54.1% to 68.4%, even at a high current density of 240 mA•cm−2 . Moreover, the durability of the hybrid VANADion membrane in multiple charge/discharge cycling was shown to be similar to that of Nafion 115 and VANADion over the 80–240 mA•cm −2 current density range .
As an important branch of RFBs, all-vanadium RFBs (VRFBs) have become the most commercialized and technologically mature batteries among current RFBs due to their intrinsic safety, no pollution, high energy efficiency, excellent charge and discharge performance, long cycle life, and excellent capacity-power decoupling .
Ether-free polymeric anion exchange materials with extremely low vanadium ion permeability and outstanding cell performance for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB)
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