The role of residential rooftop photovoltaic in long-term energy
Despite this key role, most long-term model-based scenarios do not consider decentralized supply of rooftop photovoltaic but concentrate on utility-scale photovoltaic
In China, at least 90% grid flexibility and 8–12 hours of storage capacity are required to realize 2/3 photovoltaic penetration and meet a 5% curtailment constraint. This study provides guidance for rooftop photovoltaic development in China and has implications for variable energy management in the community. 1. Introduction
It is observed that areas with sufficient rooftop PV capacities have moderate to inferior PV efficiency (CF ≤ 0.14), while building roof resources are scare in areas with high PV efficiency (CF close to 0.20). Such spatial inconsistency between roof resources and solar resources somehow reduces the electricity generation of rooftop PVs in China.
Rooftop photovoltaics (RPVs) are crucial in achieving energy transition and climate goals, especially in cities with high building density and substantial energy consumption. Estimating RPV carbon mitigation potential at the city level of an entire large country is challenging given difficulties in assessing rooftop area.
The evaluation shows that China's rooftop PV generation potential reaches 6575 TWh yr −1, mainly concentrated in the eastern China, and that at least 90% grid flexibility and 8–12 h of storage capacity are necessary to achieve two-thirds PV penetration and meet the 5% curtailment constraint.
Developing rooftop photovoltaics (PV) has become an important initiative towards carbon neutrality in China.
A framework is established for optimizing the scale and layout of rooftop photovoltaics. Energy storage and load shifting support significantly larger development scales. Scale and layout should be optimized to account for regional load differences. At least 90% grid flexibility 8–12 h of storage capacity are necessary in China.
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