A Review of Adaptive Control Methods for Grid
In order to enhance the adaptability of grid-connected inverters under these abnormal conditions, this research systematically summarizes
To ensure stable operation in modern power systems with high penetration of power electronics, some scholars have proposed the grid-forming (GFM) control strategy [9, 10]. GFM inverters actively regulate grid voltage and frequency, provide inertial support, and maintain stable operation even in extremely weak grid conditions .
This study emphasizes the impact of different grid topology structures on the small signal stability of inverters, an aspect that received less attention in prior analyses of grid topology impacts. Based on the findings, the following conclusions are derived:
In contrast, grid-forming (GFM) inverters can actively establish frequency and voltage at the local inverter level, which makes them widely used in microgrids, large-scale distribution systems, and even transmission systems .
Based on the above analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: In the T3-type hybrid grid topology, GFL inverters exhibit superior stability compared to T2-type and T1-type grids. GFM inverters show moderate stability improvement but are more sensitive to their own synchronization control loops.
The results demonstrate that GFL inverters are highly sensitive to grid topology structures, whereas GFM inverters are more influenced by their synchronization control capabilities. Smaller GFL inverters connection impedances and larger GFM inverters connection impedances can enhance system stability. 1. Introduction
These renewable resources are usually interfaced with the grid through grid-interactive inverters; however, because of the lack of physical inertia, the impact of grid-connected inverters on power systems is more complex than that of conventional electromagnetic equipment (i.e., synchronous machines and power transformers).
In order to enhance the adaptability of grid-connected inverters under these abnormal conditions, this research systematically summarizes
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